UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS AMONG GRADUATES OF HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

UNEMPLOYMENT
PROBLEMS AMONG GRADUATES OF HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

(A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This chapter provides a
broad overview of the employment situation in graduate s which is a major
concern of government and their social partner throughout the region.
Theapproach is rather general and highlights major issues concerning employment
problems and prospects in the region. Because of data limitation, it does not
attempt a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the employment situation.
it brings with an examination of the employment problems, including background
information on its origin and trends, and then looks at the nature and
underlying causes of contemporary unemployment. Unemployment of a large portion
of the labor force is a central problem now in almost all the underdeveloped
countries.

The    phenomenon    of     chronic    unemployment    has     become    the

major       concern       of        successive       Nigerian        government.       The

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phenomenon of
joblessness creates much concern for the individual Nigerians. According to the
1966 – 67 manpower surveys in Nigeria, the proportion of the labour force in
Nigeria not working is 1 – 7 percent, which means that nearly two of every one
hundred member of the potential labor are unemployed.

Unemployment has thus
reached such an alarming situation today that is perhaps considered the most
serious of the problem affecting Nigeria and one that is steadily worsening as
the gap between the rapid rising member pressing for work and the new
employment opportunities being created widens.

In the underdeveloped
countries such as Nigeria however employment benefits are not available to the
unemployed. the income level of the great majority of families makes the
provision of unemployment benefits virtually impossible thus those unable to
find jobs or these discharged from their previous employments re left to fend
for themselves. in under developed countries majority of job seekers are
therefore forced to create

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employment for
themselves particularly in the rural agricultural sectors where they force
disguised unemployment. in the context of this study both those who are
disguised unemployment. in the context of this study both those who are
disguisedly unemployed and those who are openly unemployed are lumped together
as the unemployed.

thus unemployment is
define briefly as the negative aspect of the economic process for an unemployed
person is one who despite his willingness and capacity to work is unable to do
so for reasons inherent in the organization of the commodity production.

1.2  STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PPROBLEMS

Unemployment rates are
particularly high among graduate and especially among school leaves, giving
rise increasingly to the problems of “educated unemployment”.
paradoxically, graduate unemployment seems to be correlated with levels of
education attained in some cases. This is particularly true for school leavers
in, for example, Nigeria where the proportion of the unemployed with secondary
education increased from 24 to 51 percent

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between  1974

and

1985.  graduate

employment  rates 
are

probably 3 – 4 times

higher
than those of older workers, and in

many 
countries

in

the  region 
open

unemployment  among

graduate 
as a group in the labour could be as 40 – 50 percent.

Moreover, graduate s
and new entrants to the labour force are as well placed as experienced workers
to find employment in new opportunities or to go into self employment.
Theproblems of graduate unemployment reflect the contraction of jobs in the
modern sector and declining rate of job creation in that sector. It also
suggests serious labour market distortions related to the development and
utilization of human resources in the context

of changing economic
circumstances. further, the problem of graduate unemployment islinked to the
fact of many African countries, as already noted, continue to record relatively
high rates of population growth, and the population structure of some of those
countries is overwhelmingly young will children of school going age accounting
for as much as half of the total population in some cases.

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1.3  OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

Unemployment has become
a current and a current universal problem in Nigeria. The impact presently has
been felt by 80% of Nigerian’s families. The efforts of our government to curb
it are inadequate or misdirected, so positive results are not yet in sight.

Unemployment has
brought hardship and object poverty to many families. The level of adult
dependency has increased, so the rate of saving in our economy is declining.
The problem has also led to increase in crime waves and rates. All these could
spell doom for the nation. It is deemed fit to embark on this study as a
contribution towards the eradication of the problems of unemployment and its
accompanying problems and hardship to the individual and in general.

Our primary motive of
carrying out this study were born of the desire to contribute in any meaningful
way the idea of how the glowing rate of unemployment in Nigeria can be dealt
with in order to reduce its social and other consequences especially on our
leaders of tomorrow to at least a minimum.

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The roles of government
to assist people see the need of solving their numerous problems of which
unemployment is an integral part. Asgraduate s generally regarded, as catalyst
of national development are no longer assumed of job security and reliable
source of livelihood. We see this as warming signal, showing that dangeris
looming and if nothing is done to arrest the situation; it may spell out a
disaster which nobody in this country can afford

to

avoid.

1.4  RESEARCH  
/QUESTIONS/

HYPTHESIS   IN   THE

(SYSTEM)

The data and
information that will be used in conducting this research study will include
both primary and secondary data which involves personal observation, book,
journals, company, documents, internet downloads and a number of others white
ups and presentations which are relevant to this study.

Personal interview will
also be carried out with entrepreneurs manage and finance personal in addition
to issue questionnaires.

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The method of data
analysis to a adopted and used in this research study will used of statistical
tools which are the simple percentage alongside the chi – square tests.

This research study is
not an exception to hypothesis formulation and testing. The researcher intends
to formulate and test the research hypothesis as follows.

Research hypothesis

The stress to obtain
the necessary information requiredfro this research work has been given rise to
the following hypothesis.

Ho: The current
Educational system is not serving our societal need.

Hi;The current
educational system is not serving our societal need

Ho: What means could
the graduates unemployment be eradicated.

H1: There is no means graduates unemployment
be eradicated

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Ho: The government
address itself to the problems of graduateunemployment galore?

Hi;The government has
not address itself to the problems of graduate unemployment galore

1.5  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The case study or area
where the problem has more impact in view of the problems created by
unemployment in Enugu state despite government conscious efforts to create
employment opportunities in the country, the interest on this problem is to
determine through facts and figure the level of, and trend in unemployment in
the country with the view to making lasting policy, recommendations that will
ameliorate the problem of unemployment.

1.6  LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The limitation of the
study is in Enugu so anything that explains unemployment outside this area will
be irrelevant and useless.

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1.7  SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study
is in Enugu and it touches on the various unemployment problems, forms of
unemployment. Unemployment has been one of the most persisted and unmanageable
problems facing all industrial countries of the world. If not handled
adequately, it will not be eliminated. The underlying causes of the serious
employment problem in Nigeria are linked both to supply – side factors, which
determines the demand for laborthrough the influence on main economic and labor
market trends.

on the supply side,
apart from population growth, salient characteristics of the labor force such
as educational and skill level and mobility of labor can influence the level
and distribution of employment, on the demand side the capacity of Nigeria
economy to absorb labor into productive employment is influenced mainly by the
rate and pattern of economic growth as well as by the structure and efficiency
of production.

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